Loading a Mnemonic

Once you have either a 12 or 24-word BIP39 mnemonic, choose Load Mnemonic on Krux's start menu, then choose the backup format you recognise:

Backup Formats¶

QR Code¶

Use the camera to read a QR code containing the mnemonic. Krux can decode four types:

Plain text QR: mnemonic words separated by spaces
SeedQR: the BIP39 word numbers concatenated as text
Compact SeedQR: the mnemonic bits concatenated as bytes
Encrypted Mnemonic: a Krux format that encrypts the mnemonic bits and records the encryption method.

Tip: You can hold down the ENTER button of the M5StickV, Maix Amigo or WonderMV to turn on their LED light to potentially increase visibility. All cameras have zoom and anti-glare mode, use anti-glare to capture images from high brightness screens or with incident light. Enable/disable zoom/anti-glare by pressing PAGE button while scanning.

After opening a wallet, you can use Krux to back up the mnemonic as a QR code, transcribe it to paper or metal, or print it with a thermal printer. See the printing section for more information. You can also use an offline QR code generator, ideally on an air-gapped device.

Words¶

Enter each BIP39 word one at a time. Krux disables impossible letters as you type and attempts to autocomplete each word.

From Storage¶

Retrieve an encrypted mnemonic previously stored in internal memory or on an SD card. Enter the same key that was used to encrypt it.

Other Formats¶

Specialist backup formats are grouped in one menu: Tinyseed (scan), Binary Grid (manual), OneKey KeyTag (scan), Binary Grid (scan), Word Numbers, and Stackbit 1248.

Tinyseed (scan)¶

Tinyseed directly encodes a seed as binary on a compact backup plate. Krux can scan a completed Tinyseed with its camera. This feature is not available in the Krux Mobile Android app.

Place the backup over a black background and fill punched areas with black to improve contrast. You can also scan a thermally printed version or a completed template. See the encoded examples and transcription templates.

Binary Grid (manual)¶

Enter each BIP39 word number (1-2048) in binary by toggling its bits. Krux calculates the checksum bits for the final word while you enter it.

Tip: You can use this screen to generate a mnemonic with coin flips:

For each bit through 1024, mark it for heads and leave it unmarked for tails
For the last word, Krux calculates the checksum positions. Flip seven times for a 12-word mnemonic or three times for a 24-word mnemonic.

OneKey KeyTag (scan)¶

OneKey KeyTag also stores a seed as a compact binary pattern. Use the camera to scan the completed plate.

Binary Grid (scan)¶

Use the camera to scan another supported binary-grid backup or a completed transcription template.

Word Numbers¶

Decimal¶

Enter each BIP39 word as its number from 1 to 2048. Use the BIP39 English word list for reference.

Hexadecimal and Octal¶

Word numbers can also be entered in hexadecimal from 0x1 to 0x800, or in octal from 01 to 04000. These forms are useful with metal backups that use those number systems.

Stackbit 1248¶

Enter each BIP39 word number with the Stackbit 1248 backup method. Each digit is the sum of marked values 1, 2, 4, or 8. For example, word number 1268 uses (1)(2)(2,4)(8).

Confirm Wallet Setup¶

Confirm Mnemonic Words¶

Once you have entered your mnemonic, you will be presented with the full list of words to confirm. A 12 word has only 4 checksum bits, so it has a 1 in 16 chance (6,25%) of still being valid even if you mistype a word. A 24 word phrase has 8 checksum bits, so it only has 1 in 256 chance (~0,4%) of still being valid if you mistype a word.

If you see an asterisk (*) in the header, it means this is a double mnemonic.

(Optional) Edit Mnemonic¶

If you make a mistake while loading a mnemonic, you can easily edit it. Simply touch or navigate to the word you want to change and replace it. Edited words will be highlighted. If the final word contains an invalid checksum, it will appear in red. If your checksum word is red, please review your mnemonic carefully, as there may be an error.

Confirm Wallet Attributes¶

After confirming an existing mnemonic, a screen with an information box at the top shows the wallet's attributes. If they are as expected, just press Load Wallet. If you need to change something, you may customize the wallet by setting a Passphrase or using the Customize button.

The Attributes:¶

Fingerprint¶

73c5da0a: The BIP32 master wallet's fingerprint helps you make sure you entered the correct mnemonic and passphrase (optional) and will load the expected wallet. The fingerprint is the best checksum you can have, it's good to note it down.

Network¶

Mainnet: Check if you are loading a Testnet or Mainnet wallet.

Policy Type¶

Check the wallet's policy type: Single-sig, Multisig, Miniscript, or TR Miniscript (Taproot).

Derivation Path¶

m/84h/0h/0h: The derivation path is a sequence of numbers, or "nodes", that define the script type, network, and account index of your wallet.
- Script Type 84h: The first number defines the script type. The default is 84h, corresponding to a Native Segwit wallet. Other values include:
  - 44h for Legacy
  - 49h for Nested Segwit
  - 86h for Taproot
  - 48h for Multisig
- Network 0h: The second number defines the network:
  - 0h for Mainnet
  - 1h for Testnet
- Account Index 0h: The third number is the account index, with 0h being the default.
- Additional: For multisig wallets, a fourth node with the value 2h is added to the derivation path.
Default Miniscript derivation path is the same as for multisig: m/48'/0h/0h/2h, but they can be fully customized

Passphrase¶

No Passphrase: Informs if the wallet has a passphrase. Adding or changing the passphrase results in a completely different wallet and fingerprint.

Customize Wallet¶

It is possible to change any of the wallet's attributes (it will be possible to change them later too, after loading). To load it faster next time, some default wallet attributes can be set in settings, they are: Network, Policy Type and Script Type.

Passphrase¶

You can type or scan a BIP39 passphrase. When typing, swipe left or right to change keypads if your device has a touchscreen. Hold PAGE or PREVIOUS to move quickly through letters, and hold ENTER to jump to the next keypad.

For scanning, you can generate an offline passphrase QR code using the Datum tool.

Note: BIP39 requires passphrases to be NFKD-normalized. Due to firmware size constraints, Krux cannot perform normalization internally. We therefore recommend using only ASCII QR codes or ensuring any non-ASCII are already normalized to NFKD.

Customize¶

This button opens a screen to change the Network, Policy Type, Script Type, and Account of the wallet. If Policy Type is Miniscript, you will be able to enter a custom derivation path.

When everything looks good, press Load Walletand you will go to the main menu...